The UK Health Security Agency has reported a significant surge in imported dengue cases in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, with 904 cases recorded in 2024, up from 631 in 2023. This marks the highest level of imported dengue cases since surveillance began in 2009. Notably, all cases are linked to travel abroad, with most cases associated with travel to Southern and South-Eastern Asia.
The rise in dengue cases is not limited to the UK; globally, dengue cases have been increasing since 2010, with historic highs reported in 2019. The World Health Organization reported a post-pandemic global increase in both dengue cases and deaths in 2023, including in regions previously considered dengue-free. Significant increases were particularly noted in Asia and the Americas.
Several factors contribute to the global rise in dengue cases, including:
– *Climate Change*: Rising temperatures and changing weather patterns create ideal breeding conditions for mosquitoes that transmit dengue.
– *Changing Mosquito Distribution*: The spread of mosquito vectors to new areas increases the risk of dengue transmission.
– *Periodic Weather Events*: Heavy rainfall and humidity facilitate mosquito breeding, leading to increased dengue transmission.
To combat the rise in dengue cases, the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation has recommended dengue vaccination for some travelers. Additionally, the UK Health Security Agency is developing enhanced surveillance of dengue cases to better understand infection acquisition and inform public health interventions.
Other mosquito-borne infections, such as chikungunya and Zika, have also seen increases in imported cases. Chikungunya cases more than doubled in 2024, with 112 cases reported, mostly linked to travel in Southern Asia. Zika virus disease cases increased to 16 in 2024, compared to 8 cases in 2023, with most travelers returning from South-Eastern Asia.
To protect against mosquito-borne infections, travelers can take simple precautions, such as:
– *Using Insect Repellent*: Apply repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus to exposed skin and clothing.
– *Covering Exposed Skin*: Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks when outdoors, especially during peak mosquito hours.
– *Sleeping Under Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets*: Use bed nets treated with insecticides, such as permethrin, to prevent mosquito bites.
Travelers should also consult the TravelHealthPro website for the latest health advice on their destination, including recommended vaccinations and malaria prevention measures. By taking these precautions, travelers can minimize their risk of contracting mosquito-borne infections.
