Iran monitors women via drones: Iran is using advanced surveillance technology, including aerial drones, facial recognition systems, and a government-backed mobile app, to enforce its mandatory hijab laws, according to a United Nations report released on March 14.
The report details how Iran’s government is increasingly relying on technology to monitor and punish women who violate the country’s strict Islamic dress code.
A key element of this crackdown is the “Nazer” mobile application, which allows citizens and police to report women for not wearing hijabs. Users can upload the license plate, location, and time of a vehicle where a woman is seen without a hijab. The app then flags the vehicle online, alerting authorities. Additionally, it automatically sends a warning text message to the vehicle’s registered owner, notifying them of the violation and the potential for their vehicle to be impounded.
The report further reveals that in September 2024, the use of the Nazer app was expanded to include taxis, ambulances, and public transportation, increasing its reach.
Iranian authorities have also deployed aerial drones in Tehran and other regions to surveil public spaces and enforce hijab compliance. In early 2024, facial recognition software was installed at the entrance of Amirkabir University in Tehran to monitor female students’ adherence to hijab laws.
Still on Iran monitors women via drones: Despite being suspended in December 2024 after internal debate, Iran’s draft “Hijab and Chastity” law remains a major concern internationally. If enacted, it would impose severe penalties, including fines up to $12,000 and prison sentences of up to 10 years for violations. Additionally, Article 286 of Iran’s Islamic Penal Code allows for the death penalty if a woman is accused of “corruption on earth” in relation to hijab non-compliance.
The report also recalls the widespread protests following the 2022 death of Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old woman who died in the custody of Iran’s morality police after being arrested for allegedly violating hijab rules. The UN estimates that hundreds of people were killed during the demonstrations that erupted in response to her death, as well as growing dissatisfaction with the government’s policies.
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